Bits, masks, and number bases.

Combine and inspect bits

Expand Programmer functions, which starts collapsed beneath Scientific functions. Both panels remember their open state; the up/down controls swap their order. AND, OR, XOR, and NOT work with exact integers. These examples return 8, 14, 6, and 240.

AND(12, 10)
OR(12, 10)
XOR(12, 10)
NOT(15, 8)

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The expanded Programmer functions panel beneath Scientific functions, with HEX(255) returning 0xFF.

×

Open the built-in reference

Select the information button beside Programmer functions to see examples on separate lines, followed by guidance on signed operations, optional word sizes, conversions, and exact integer limits.

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The Programmer functions information popup, showing separate example lines and spaced sections for bitwise behavior, word sizes, conversions, and the exact integer range.

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Shift a value

SHL shifts left without wrapping. SHR performs a signed arithmetic right shift. USHR treats the input as an unsigned word before shifting; its word width defaults to 32 bits.

SHL(1, 8)
SHR(-8, 1)
USHR(-1, 1, 8)

Convert between bases

HEX, BIN, and OCT format a value with a base prefix. DEC converts prefixed values or quoted digits in an explicit base back to decimal.

HEX(255)
BIN(10)
OCT(493)
DEC("FF", 16)
HEX(-1, 8)

Keep integer calculations exact

Programmer functions reject fractional values and integers outside the safe range −9,007,199,254,740,991 through 9,007,199,254,740,991. They do not silently truncate every operation to 32 bits.

• Use 0x, 0b, and 0o prefixes for hexadecimal, binary, and octal literals.
• DEC with an explicit base accepts bases 2 through 36.
• A result outside the safe integer range produces an error.
• The same engine functions can be used through authorized MCP calculation tools.